Since antiquity, the olive tree has always been treated by humans with maximum respect and gratitude. Ancient Athenians, initiators of one of the most sophisticated and influencing human civilizations, considered the olive tree sacred and protected it with special laws which prohibited the cutting down of olive trees from the local olive groves. That kind and deeply appreciative behavior toward the olive tree was dictated by its major impact on several facets of everyday life at that time. While during the early stages of its existence the olive tree was solely exploited for satisfying part of people’s nutrition needs, later on its role within human societies was significantly upgraded as individuals discovered more and more of its unique properties. Trade, Medicine, Worship, Sports, Art and Cosmetics have been the fields where olive oil was most commonly used. In what follows, we describe the most popular applications of olive oil from antiquity up until today.
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